In our last blog , we have studied Geo-technical Engineering definition along with how they work . Today we are going to study the classification one by one. 

Soil Mechanics :

                       

                     

Soil Mechanics is a discipline of Civil Engineering including study of soil , behaviour and application as an Engineering material. In Geo-technical engineering, soils are considered as a three-phase material composed of rock or mineral particles , water and air. The voids of a soil , the space in between mineral particles contain the water and air . The void spaced filled partially with water partially with air. 

The scientific study of Soil Mechanics was started by "Karl Terzaghi". He is the "Father of Soil Mechanics".

How Soil Forms :

 

We are going to study Soil Mechanics and the very first question always stucks in readers mind that

                          

              "How Soil Formed" ? 

Soil are formed from materials that have resulted from disintegration (destroy by breaking into small pieces) of rocks by various process of physical and chemical weathering. 

Ok now you will say that we are familiar with this definition what's new ?  My question is If soil is formed by above process then how we obtain different types of soil?

let me introduce and remove your doubt 

Formation Of Soil :

                      

The process of Formation of soil is known as " Pedogenesis ". It is a Phenomena called Geological Cycle . Geological cycle  has four Cyclic steps Erosion > Transportation > Deposition > Upheaval > Erosion .

Primarily Soils are formed by rocks through Physical and Chemical weathering . If weathering of rock material remain on parent rock then soil is known as Residual Soil. If weathering material is transported and deposited at some other location then it is known as Transported Soil. The transporting agents maybe wind,water,glaciers,etc.

                    

Types Of Soil And Their Formation :

. Alluvial Soil :

                             

 They are fertile. The load bearing capacity in them are moderate . About 28% of Indian Area is covered by Alluvial Soil .The fragmented of rocks transported by water are settled on river bed and surrounding .

. Lacustrine Soil :

Its quiet interesting to know that this soil is formed in bottom of ancient lake. they are mainly composed of low-energy particle sizes.

. Marine Soil :

These are silts, sands and clay deposited by salty water or ocean water.

. Glacial Drift :

It is formed by Glacier or Iceberg. It contain mixture of boulder, silt, sand, clay and gravels.

. Coullvial / Talus Soil :

These are formed due to gravity forces . In Mountains and Hills,steep slopes creeps down under gravity force due to variation in moisture content. These soil is found in lower part of Mountain i.e. "Valley".

. Caliche Soil :

This  soil is also known as calcrete, hardpan, duricrust, and calcic soil . It is cemented soil rich in CaCo3 . It consist of gravel, sand, silt . 

. Eoline Soil :

These are the sand particle, transported and deposited by winds.

. Loess Soil :

Loess are formed by accumulation of wind-blown silt. It is homogeneous and highly porous.

. Loam :

It is composed of sand , silt and smaller amount of clay. Loam oil generally contain more nutrients and humus than Sandy Soil.

. Marl Soil :

These are fined grained calcium carbonated soils of marine origin . They are formed due to deposition of body cell of dead animals in ocean. 

  

                   Thank You